Urine naturally has some odor that is unique to each individual. This slight, ammonia-like smell is often so mild that you may not even notice it. The odor becoming stronger or more noticeable may indicate an underlying health concern.
Dehydration
Dehydration may be the most common cause of urine odor. When you become dehydrated, the ammonia concentration in your urine increases. This causes the odor to become stronger and more apparent.
There is no set rule for how much water you should drink daily to prevent dehydration. This varies from person to person based on overall health and daily activity levels. However, drinking 91 to 125 ounces (oz) of water per day is a good average.
Vitamins and medications
Certain vitamins and medications can alter the odor of your urine.
These vitamins and medications may include:
- vitamins B and D
- sulfonamide antibiotics
- certain diabetes medications, such as Diabeta
- certain rheumatoid arthritis medications, such as Azulfidine
An increase in urine odor may indicate certain underlying medical conditions.
Yeast infection
Vaginal candidiasis (yeast infection)is a fungal infection in the vaginal region that
Read more about yeast infections.
Urinary tract infection
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) result from bacteria that travel to your bladder and cause an infection. Common symptoms of a UTI include foul-smelling urine, cloudy urine, and burning or discomfort when you urinate. Antibiotics are typically the most common and effective treatment for UTIs.
Read more about urinary tract infections.
Kidney stones
Kidney stones are hard objects that form from chemicals in your urine. Kidney stones vary in size. The larger a stone is, the more likely you are to experience symptoms. Symptoms of kidney stones include:
Treatment for kidney stones usually involves passing them on your own. To do this, staying hydrated can help you urinate more frequently. If the kidney stones are too large to pass, they may require surgery.
Read more about kidney stones.
Untreated diabetes
Untreated diabetes can cause sugar in your urine, which can make your urine smell sweet. People without diabetes do not typically have sugar in their urine. If you notice a sweet smell in your urine, contact your doctor.
Asparagus is one of the most common foods that can affect the odor of your urine. Asparagus contains asparagusic acid, which is
Most people agree on the sulfur-like smell resulting from consuming asparagus. However, some cannot smell it. According to a
Other foods that have a similar effect on the smell of your urine include:
- fish
- onion
- garlic
Treatment for urine odor depends on the underlying cause. Your doctor may recommend a prescription or over-the-counter antifungal medication for yeast infections. UTIs require antibiotics.
Kidney stones typically pass through your urine independently if you drink lots of fluids. However, larger stones may require surgery. A sweet smell in your urine due to diabetes will most likely resolve after treatment to manage the condition.
If the urine odor resulting from certain foods bothers you, avoid consuming those foods. You can avoid the smell resulting from dehydration by staying hydrated. Drink at least 91–125 oz of water daily to ensure you are properly hydrated.
If you notice an increased odor when you urinate that you cannot pinpoint the cause of, contact your doctor. It is also important to contact your doctor if you notice a change in urine odor alongside other symptoms.
Symptoms alongside urine odor you should tell your doctor about include:
- burning or discomfort when you urinate
- needing to urinate more frequently than usual
- having difficulty urinating
- having unusual discharge
- itching in your genital area
- developing severe pain in either side of your back
You can promote healthy urine habits by doing
- Try to urinate every 3–4 hours. Go when you need to, and do not hold it unless absolutely necessary.
- Try to relax while urinating. This relaxes your bladder muscles, making it easier to go.
- Be sure to take the time to fully empty your bladder.
- Urinate after sexual activity.
- Exercise regularly and maintain a moderate weight.
- Drink plenty of fluids and eat a healthy, balanced diet.
- Wear underwear and loose clothing made from cotton or other breathable materials.
- Limit your intake of caffeine and alcohol.
- Quit or avoid smoking.
Urine naturally has a light odor that is unique to each individual. Typically, this odor is so mild that it is not noticeable. However, an increase or change in your urine’s smell may be due to an underlying issue.
Common issues that can cause urine odor include dehydration and certain vitamins or medications. Medical conditions that can cause urine odor include vaginal yeast infections, UTIs, and kidney stones.
Foods such as asparagus, fish, and garlic, can also cause a strong smell in your urine.
If you notice a change in the odor of your urine, or it occurs alongside symptoms like itching or discharge, contact your doctor.
