How IUDs Can Affect Your Menstrual Cycle

Medically Reviewed By William C. Lloyd III, MD, FACS
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Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are a highly effective method of birth control. These tiny devices are shaped like the letter T; they are inserted into the uterus and can provide years of safe contraception.

There are two types of IUDs on the market: copper IUDs and hormonal IUDs, which gradually release the hormone progestin. Copper and hormonal IUDs can have different effects on the menstrual cycle. Understanding an IUD’s potential impact on your period can help you choose the IUD that makes the most sense for you and understand what to expect after IUD insertion.

Hormonal IUDs can treat heavy periods.

Most women experience significantly lighter periods after insertion of a hormonal IUD. In fact, doctors and nurse midwives sometimes recommend hormonal IUDs as a treatment for heavy periods. However, it can take time for your menstrual cycle to adjust. Many women experience unpredictable vaginal bleeding within the first 3 months after insertion of a hormonal IUD; approximately 1 in 5 women have periods that last longer than 8 days in those first months.

After about 3 months, your period will probably be noticeably lighter and shorter, and it might even stop. Approximately 40% of women who have a hormonal IUD cease having menstrual periods altogether.

If your period stops, you might wonder if you’re pregnant. Unplanned pregnancy is highly uncommon while a hormonal IUD is in place. In most cases, cessation of your menstrual period means your IUD is working well. However, if you’re concerned about the possibility of pregnancy, you can take a home pregnancy test and consult your healthcare provider. If the test is positive, call your healthcare provider right away. Pregnancy with an IUD in place can be dangerous; medical attention is necessary.

After your hormonal IUD is removed, your menstrual cycle will go back to normal, although it may take a few months.

Copper IUDs may cause heavier periods.

Copper IUDs cause your uterus and fallopian tubes to become inhospitable to sperm, preventing fertilization. They do not contain any hormones that can interfere with ovulation or your body’s natural menstrual cycle. However, a copper IUD can cause heavier, longer periods, as well as spotting between menstrual periods. If you already have heavy, uncomfortable periods, a copper IUD may not be the best birth control choice for you.

You are most likely to notice menstrual cycle changes within the first 3 months after insertion of a copper IUD. Common side effects in those early months include irregular bleeding, random spotting, and intermittent cramping. These side effects generally diminish after approximately 3 months; then, you can expect regular menstrual periods. However, your flow may be heavier than it was before your IUD was inserted.

If your flow is unmanageable or your periods are uncomfortable, talk to your healthcare provider. Another birth control option may be a better alternative for you.

Your menstrual cycle will go back to normal after removal of a copper IUD.

If you have any questions or concerns about your menstrual cycle after IUD insertion or removal, contact your healthcare provider. Your provider can give you personalized information based on your medical history, general health, and contraception usage.

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  4. What Are the Side Effects of IUDs? Planned Parenthood. https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control/iud/iud-side-effects
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  6. Will Paragard Affect My Period? Cooper Surgical. https://www.paragard.com/faq/will-paragard-affect-my-period/
  7. Copper Intrauterine Devices (IUDs). University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics. https://uihc.org/health-topics/copper-intrauterine-devices-iuds
Medical Reviewer: William C. Lloyd III, MD, FACS
Last Review Date: 2020 Dec 7
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