Urology pertains to diagnosing and treating disorders of the urinary tract or urogenital system. The urinary tract consists of organs and tubes that produce and excrete urine. The urogenital system refers to the organs and functions involved in excretion and reproduction.

Physicians in this specialty treat patients suffering from numerous diseases and illnesses, but some of the most common are Incontinence, Impotency, Sterilization, Sexual Dysfunctions, Kidney stones, Infertility, bladder disorders, Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), Benign prostatic hyperplasia, Urinary tract infection, Prostate cancer, Erectile dysfunction (impotence), Prostatitis, Male infertility, Urinary incontinence, Testicular cancer, Bladder cancer, Cystitis, Frequent urination, and Bladder stones.

Once properly diagnosed, practitioners can perform numerous procedures on patients including Seed Implant (Brachtherapy), Circumcision, Vasectomy, Non-Incisional Sterilization, Brachytherapy, Lithotripsy, Kidney Biopsy, Bladder reconstruction, Prostate Biopsy, Nerve-sparing prostatectomy, Kidney Transplantation, Cryosurgical treatment, Robot-assisted nephrectomy and prostatectomy, Retrograde Pyelogram, and Radical perineal prostatectomy.

To diagnose patients with possible illnesses and diseases, specialists will often perform one of many tests including Computed Tomography (CT or CAT) Scan of the Kidney, Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder X-ray, Cystoscopy, Kidney Ultrasound, Uroflowmetry, Cystometry, Kidney Scan, Intravenous Pyelogram, Retrograde Cystography, Renal Venogram, Prostate / Rectal Sonogram, Retrograde Pyelogram, Cystography, Uroscopy, Renal Angiogram, and Antegrade Pyelogram.

Doctor density varies by specialty and location. Kansas has 124 practicing urologists. Broken out by city, urology doctor density in Abilene is 1, in Andover is 1, in Belleville is 1, in Chanute is 1, in Coffeyville is 1, in Concordia is 1, in Council Grove is 1, in Dodge City is 2, in El Dorado is 1, in Elkhart is 1, in Emporia is 1, in Fort Scott is 4, in Garden City is 1, in Goodland is 1, in Great Bend is 1, in Hays is 5, in Hoisington is 1, in Hutchinson is 2, in Iola is 1, in Junction City is 2, in Kansas City is 34, in Lawrence is 6, in Leavenworth is 3, in Leawood is 6, in Lenexa is 1, in Liberal is 1, in Manhattan is 4, in Marion is 1, in Marysville is 1, in Mcpherson is 1, in Newton is 2, in Olathe is 8, in Ottawa is 1, in Overland Park is 22, in Paola is 2, in Parsons is 1, in Pittsburg is 2, in Pittsburgh is 1, in Prairie Village is 1, in Pratt is 1, in Salina is 4, in Shawnee is 3, in Shawnee Mission is 14, in Topeka is 9, in Washington is 1, in Wichita is 20, and in Winfield is 1.

Kansas was admitted to the United States in 1861. Topeka is its capital city, and the population of Kansas is 2,744,687. Topeka offers sports and recreation, arts and cultural entertainment, and casinos to residents and visitors. Lucas claims to be the Folk Art center of the United States. Visit the Pony Express National Historic Trail, tour historic Fort Leavenworth, or see the Amelia Earhart Birthplace Museum in Atchinson. Kansas is also home to the John Brown Museum, which was a stop on the Underground Railroad in the mid-1800s.

According to 2005 Census estimates, Kansas has a population of 2,744,687. Of this population, 652,270 are under the age of 18 and 354,995 are at or above the age of 65.