Urology pertains to diagnosing and treating disorders of the urinary tract or urogenital system. The urinary tract consists of organs and tubes that produce and excrete urine. The urogenital system refers to the organs and functions involved in excretion and reproduction.

Physicians in this specialty treat patients suffering from numerous diseases and illnesses, but some of the most common are incontinence, impotency, sterilization, sexual dysfunctions, kidney stones, infertility, bladder disorders, benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph), benign prostatic hyperplasia, urinary tract infection, prostate cancer, erectile dysfunction (impotence), prostatitis, male infertility, urinary incontinence, testicular cancer, bladder cancer, cystitis, frequent urination, and bladder stones.

Once properly diagnosed, practitioners can perform numerous procedures on patients including seed implant (brachtherapy), circumcision, vasectomy, non-incisional sterilization, brachytherapy, lithotripsy, kidney biopsy, bladder reconstruction, prostate biopsy, nerve-sparing prostatectomy, kidney transplantation, cryosurgical treatment, robot-assisted nephrectomy and prostatectomy, retrograde pyelogram, and radical perineal prostatectomy.

To diagnose patients with possible illnesses and diseases, specialists will often perform one of many tests including computed tomography (ct or cat) scan of the kidney, kidney, ureter, and bladder x-ray, cystoscopy, kidney ultrasound, uroflowmetry, cystometry, kidney scan, intravenous pyelogram, retrograde cystography, renal venogram, prostate / rectal sonogram, retrograde pyelogram, cystography, uroscopy, renal angiogram, and antegrade pyelogram.

Doctor density varies by specialty and location. California has 1,208 practicing urologists. Broken out by city, urology doctor density in Alameda is 3, in Alhambra is 4, in Anaheim is 20, in Apple Valley is 2, in Arcadia is 6, in Arroyo Grande is 2, in Bakersfield is 10, in Berkeley is 6, in Beverly Hills is 16, in Brea is 3, in Burbank is 12, in Burlingame is 4, in Chico is 4, in Concord is 8, in Corona is 7, in Daly City is 4, in Danville is 2, in Downey is 14, in Duarte is 17, in Encinitas is 5, in Escondido is 6, in Fairfield is 5, in Folsom is 5, in Fort Bragg is 1, in Fountain Valley is 6, in Fremont is 9, in Fresno is 24, in Fullerton is 9, in Garden Grove is 6, in Glendale is 14, in Glendora is 6, in Hanford is 3, in Hollister is 4, in Huntington Beach is 9, in Indio is 8, in Inglewood is 7, in Irvine is 10, in Jackson is 2, in La Mesa is 12, in Laguna Hills is 8, in Lakewood is 6, in Lancaster is 7, in Loma Linda is 23, in Long Beach is 24, in Los Alamitos is 9, in Los Angeles is 175, in Los Gatos is 7, in Mission Viejo is 13, in Modesto is 18, in Monterey is 4, in Monterey Park is 11, in Mountain View is 8, in Murrieta is 5, in Newport Beach is 12, in Novato is 1, in Oakland is 19, in Oceanside is 5, in Orange is 50, in Oxnard is 6, in Palm Springs is 2, in Palo Alto is 22, in Pasadena is 13, in Pico Rivera is 3, in Placerville is 3, in Pleasanton is 6, in Pomona is 4, in Poway is 2, in Rancho Mirage is 10, in Redding is 6, in Redlands is 4, in Redondo Beach is 5, in Redwood City is 8, in Riverside is 20, in Roseville is 17, in Sacramento is 49, in Salinas is 5, in San Diego is 87, in San Francisco is 68, in San Jose is 25, in San Luis Obispo is 10, in San Ramon is 8, in Santa Ana is 12, in Santa Barbara is 11, in Santa Clara is 8, in Santa Cruz is 8, in Santa Maria is 4, in Santa Monica is 13, in Santa Rosa is 12, in Simi Valley is 8, in Stockton is 7, in Sunnyvale is 3, in Thousand Oaks is 12, in Torrance is 21, in Upland is 4, in Victorville is 3, in Walnut Creek is 23, in West Covina is 6, in Westlake Village is 2, in Whittier is 8, and in Yorba Linda is 6.

California’s population is 36,142,137, and it is America’s third largest and most populous state. It also claims the highest and lowest altitudes in the lower 48 states. The lowest point in the country, Death Valley, is also home to the nation’s highest recorded temperature, 134 degrees. Tourists flock to this state for its many outdoor activities and attractions, including Universal Studios, Disneyland, Rodeo Drive shopping, the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, wine country tours, and California’s numerous beaches and parks. Los Angeles is the nation’s second largest city, but California’s capital is Sacramento. The giant sequoias in California’s forests are among the oldest living things in the world, and a redwood in the Redwood National Park is said to be the world’s tallest tree, at 365 feet. California achieved statehood in 1850, and was named the Golden State after the beginning of the Gold Rush in 1848.

According to 2005 Census estimates, California has a population of 36,132,147. Of this population, 9,308,563 are under the age of 18 and 3,827,038 are at or above the age of 65.