Pediatric surgery is surgery on fetuses, infants, children and adolescents. Many pediatric surgeons practice at children's hospitals. A pediatric surgeon is a general surgeon who has special training in children's surgical problems. A pediatric surgeon treats patients with many congenital and acquired diseases of childhood using the latest advances in surgical therapies.

Physicians in this specialty treat patients suffering from numerous diseases and illnesses, but some of the most common are Inguinal Hernia, Empyema, rhabdomyosarcoma, Ulcerative Colitis, neuroblastoma, Pyloric Stenosis, Hirschsprung's disease, Wilms' tumor, birth defects, Diaphragmatic Hernia, hernias, Ovarian Cyst, gastroschisis, omphalocele, Meckel's diverticulum, Pancreatic pseudocyst, liver tumors, Fallopian Tube Cyst, Duodenal Atresia, and necrotizing enterocolitis.

Once properly diagnosed, practitioners can perform numerous procedures on patients including Ovarian Torsion, Imperforate Anus, Ladd’s, Diaphragmatic Hernia (bochdalek, morgagni, eventration), Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation (CCAM), Hirschprungs, Fallopian Tube Cyst, Duodenal Atresia, Pulmonary Sequestration, Meckel’s Diverticulum, Bronchogenic Cyst, Reflux and Hiatal hernia, Pancreatic pseudocyst, Crohn’s, bowel resection, Ulcerative Colitis, Pyloric Stenosis, Ovarian Cyst, Urachal Remnant, Tracheo-esophageal Fistula, and Empyema.

To diagnose patients with possible illnesses and diseases, specialists will often perform one of many tests including Body CT Scan, MRI, x-ray, ultrasound, Upper GI (Barium Swallow), Cat Scan, CT Scan, Sigmoidoscopy Preparation, and pH probe test.