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Neuropathology is knowledge of diseases of the brain and nervous system by laboratory and microscopic study of tissue samples. A neuropathologist specializes in diagnosing nervous system and neuromuscular system disorders. This pathology specialist can also act as a consultant to neurologists and neurosurgeons. Diseases of the nervous system are divided into two basic types: congenital (diseases that appear over a period of time) and degenerative (diseases that involve the vascular system or the metabolism, are toxic, or are the result of trauma or inflammation).