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Genetics is the study of the chemistry of cells, tissues and organs associated with heredity. Cytogenetics is a combination of cytology (the study of cells) and genetics (the study of inherited variations). Through cytogenetics, scientists learn how genetic material, especially chromosomes, can affect future generations. A clinical cytogeneticist performs tests on genetic material in a laboratory, and analyses and interprets the results to determine whether a patient will have an inherited disease or a disease risk.