Cardiology is the treatment of diseases of the heart and blood vessels. A cardiologist is a physician who specializes in treating heart conditions such as abnormal heart rhythms, heart attacks, coronary artery disease, congenital heart defects, and disease of the heart valves. A cardiologist can inform your doctor about new drugs or tests that may be beneficial to you.

Some heart conditions can cause permanent damage to the heart muscle, and can be fatal. Methods that cardiologists use to study heart conditions include stress tests, a monitor to record your heart rate and rhythm, a biopsy, which studies a tiny piece of heart tissue, and an echocardiogram, which uses sound waves to show a picture of how your heart works.

Physicians in this specialty treat patients suffering from numerous diseases and illnesses, but some of the most common are Blood Clot, Peripheral Vascular Disease, angioplasty, Hypertension, Heart Attack, Congestive heart failure, Angina, Atherosclerosis, Cardiomyopathy, Coronary heart disease, Pericarditis, Ventricular Tachycardia, Acute Coronary Syndrome, Cardiac Arrest, Bigeminy, Heart block, Myxoma, Cardiac Arrhythmias, Tricuspid valve disorders, and Aortic valve disorders.

Once properly diagnosed, practitioners can perform numerous procedures on patients including Gastric Bypass Surgery, Open Heart Surgery, Valve Replacement, Valve Repair, Bypass Surgery, Carotid Artery Surgery, Catheter Ablation, Cardiac Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiac Bypass Surgery, Cardiovascular Surgery, Laser Angioplasty, Valvuloplasty, Balloon Angioplasty, Atherectomy, Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery, Coronary Artery Bypass Graft, Coronary Angioplasty, Heart Transplantation, and Carotid Surgery.

To diagnose patients with possible illnesses and diseases, specialists will often perform one of many tests including Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), Cardiac Stress Test, Holter Monitor, Echocardiogram, Blood Test, Sphygmomanometer, Cardiac Enzymes, IVUS, Electrophysiologic study, and Coronary Catheterization.

Doctor density varies by specialty and location. New York has 2,635 practicing cardiologists. Broken out by city, cardiology doctor density in Albany is 95, in Albertson is 1, in Amsterdam is 39, in Auburn is 10, in Batavia is 4, in Bayside is 24, in Beacon is 15, in Belle Harbor is 2, in Bethpage is 5, in Binghamton is 14, in Briarcliff Manor is 5, in Bronxville is 14, in Buffalo is 81, in Canandaigua is 10, in Carthage is 1, in Catskill is 4, in Cohoes is 1, in Corning is 4, in Cortland is 10, in Cortlandt Manor is 9, in Dansville is 3, in Deer Park is 9, in Dunkirk is 8, in East Rockaway is 2, in Elmira is 8, in Farmingville is 5, in Ferndale is 6, in Floral Park is 2, in Flushing is 69, in Freeport is 7, in Fulton is 5, in Geneva is 7, in Glen Cove is 11, in Glens Falls is 10, in Gloversville is 16, in Greenville is 1, in Greenwich is 7, in Harriman is 7, in Hempstead is 11, in Hogansburg is 1, in Hornell is 2, in Howard Beach is 5, in Hudson is 6, in Huntington Station is 3, in Ithaca is 6, in Jackson Heights is 19, in Jamestown is 3, in Katonah is 6, in Kingston is 26, in La Fayette is 1, in Little Falls is 8, in Lockport is 2, in Long Beach is 3, in Lynbrook is 6, in Middletown is 40, in Mineola is 39, in Monsey is 1, in Mount Vernon is 8, in New Rochelle is 27, in New York is 739, in Newburgh is 9, in Niagara Falls is 5, in North Babylon is 3, in North Tonawanda is 3, in Norwich is 1, in Olean is 5, in Oneida is 12, in Oneonta is 8, in Oswego is 11, in Peekskill is 2, in Plattsburgh is 9, in Port Jervis is 5, in Poughkeepsie is 34, in Purchase is 3, in Queens Village is 2, in Red Hook is 5, in Riverdale is 3, in Rochester is 99, in Rock Hill is 4, in Rome is 4, in Rye is 3, in Saratoga Springs is 8, in Schenectady is 33, in Shoreham is 1, in Somers is 3, in Stony Brook is 27, in Syracuse is 68, in Thornwood is 2, in Tonawanda is 2, in Troy is 22, in Utica is 20, in Valatie is 7, in Valhalla is 9, in Warwick is 2, in Watervliet is 1, in White Plains is 52, in Williamsville is 39, in Woodmere is 1, in Yonkers is 34, and in Yorktown Heights is 12.

New York City has a wealth of opportunities for visitors and residents. Thousands of people each year see a Broadway show or visit Central Park, Coney Island, the Statue of Liberty, the Empire State Building, Times Square, and the Brooklyn Bridge. Population of New York State is 19,254,630, but the population of New York City alone is 8,104,079. Located in upstate New York, Albany is capital of New York State. Niagara Falls, the St. Lawrence Seaway, and the battlefields of Saratoga all offer outdoor activities. Hike, bicycle, or drive through the Adirondack or Catskill Mountains, or visit a winery in the Finger Lakes area.

According to 2005 Census estimates, New York has a population of 19,254,630. Of this population, 4,432,103 are under the age of 18 and 2,499,192 are at or above the age of 65.