Urological surgery is surgery performed on the urinary tract in males and females, and the male reproductive system. A urological surgeon, also called a urologist, is a physician who treats diseases and disorders of the genitourinary system. The urologist deals with urinary tract infections, cancer of the urinary system, and surgery of congenital problems. Urologists also diagnose and treat incontinence, and are knowledgeable in endoscopy (surgery using a tiny scope to view the surgery area inside the body).